File Commands
⦁ ls --> Directory listing.
⦁ ls -al --> Formatted listing with hidden files.
⦁ ls *.sh --> list all the files having .sh extension.
⦁ ls -i --> list the files and directories with index numbers inodes.
⦁ ls -d */ --> list only directories.(we can also specify a pattern).
⦁ ls -lt --> Sorting the Formatted listing by time modification.
⦁ cd dir --> Change directory to dir.
⦁ cd --> Change to the home directory.
⦁ cd - --> Go to the last working directory.
⦁ cd .. --> change directory to one step back.
⦁ cd ../.. --> Change directory to 2 levels back.
⦁ pwd --> Show the current working directory.
⦁ mkdir dir --> Creating a directory dir.
⦁ cat >file -->Places the standard input into the file.
⦁ more file --> Output the contents of the file.
⦁ head file --> Output the first 10 lines of the file.
⦁ tail file --> Output the last 10 lines of the file.
⦁ tail -f file --> Output the contents of a file as it grows, starting with the last 10 lines.
⦁ touch file -->Create or update file.
⦁ rm file --> Deleting the file.
⦁ rm -r dir --> Deleting the directory.
⦁ rm -f file --> Force to remove the file.
⦁ rm -rf dir --> Force to remove the directory dir.
⦁ cp file1 file2 --> Copy the contents of file1 to file2.
⦁ cp -r dir1 dir2 --> Copy dir1 to dir2; create dir2 if not present.
Process management
⦁ ps --> To display the current working processes.
⦁ top --> Display all running processes.
⦁ kill pid --> Kill the process with given pid.
⦁ killall proc --> Kill all the process named proc.
⦁ pkill pattern --> Will kill all processes matching the pattern.
⦁ date --> Show the current date and time.
⦁ cal --> Show this month's calendar.
⦁ uptime --> Show current uptime.
⦁ w --> Display who is online.
⦁ whoami --> Who you are logged in as.
⦁ uname -a --> Show kernel information.
⦁ man --> command Show the manual for command.
⦁ df --> Show the disk usage.
⦁ du --> Show directory space usage.
⦁ free --> Show memory and swap usage.
⦁ whereis app --> Show possible locations of app.
⦁ which app --> Show which applications will be run by default.
Searching
⦁ grep pattern --> file Search for pattern in file.
⦁ grep -r pattern dir --> Search recursively for pattern in dir.
⦁ command | grep pattern --> Search pattern in the output of a command.
⦁ locate file --> Find all instances of file.
⦁ find . -name filename --> Searches in the current directory (represented by a period) and below it, for files and directories with names starting with filename.
File permission
⦁ r --> read permission
⦁ w --> write permission
⦁ x --> execute permission
⦁ chmod 777 filename --> Assign read, write, and execute permission to everyone.
⦁ chmod -R 777 dirname --> Assign full permission to the directory and all sub- directories.
⦁ chmod 766 filename --> Assign full permission to the owner, and read and write permission to group and others.
⦁ chown username filename --> Change the ownership of a file.
⦁ chrgp groupname filename --> Change group ownership of a file.
User Management Commands
⦁ sudo useradd username --> To add a new user.
⦁ sudo passwd -l username --> To change the password of a user.
⦁ sudo userdel -r username --> To remove a newly created user.
⦁ sudo usermod -a -G groupname username --> To add a user to a group.
⦁ sudo userdel user groupname --> To remove a user from a group.
Compression
⦁ tar cf --> file.tar file Create tar named file.tar containing file.
⦁ tar xf file.tar --> Extract the files from file.tar.
⦁ tar czf file.tar.gz files --> Create a tar with Gzip compression.
⦁ tar xzf file.tar.gz --> Extract a tar using Gzip.
⦁ tar cjf file.tar.bz2 --> Create tar with Bzip2 compression.
⦁ tar xjf file.tar.bz2 --> Extract a tar using Bzip2.
⦁ gzip file --> Compresses file and renames it to file.gz .
⦁ gzip -d file.gz --> Decompresses file.gz back to file.
Network
⦁ ping host --> Ping host and output results.
⦁ whois domain --> Get whois information for domains.
⦁ dig domain --> Get DNS information for domain.
⦁ dig -x host --> Reverse lookup host.
⦁ wget file --> Download file.
⦁ wget -c file --> Continue a stopped download.
Git-GitHub Cheat-Sheet
*Git config
Get and set configuration variables that control all facets of how Git looks and operates.
Set the name:git config --global user.name "UserName"
Set the email:git config --global user.email "yourEmail@gmail.com"
Check the setting:git config global --list
*Initializing a repository
git init
*Staging files
git add file1 --> Stages a single file
git add file1 file2 --> Stages multiple files
git add . --> Stages the current directory and all its content
*Viewing the status
git status
*Committing the staged files
git commit -m “Message”
*Skipping the staging area
git commit -am “Message”
*Removing files
git rm file --> Removes from working directory and staging area
git rm --cached file --> Removes from staging area only
*Renaming or moving files
git mv file file1.txt
*Viewing the staged/unstaged changes
git diff --> Shows unstaged changes
git diff --staged --> Shows staged changes
git diff --cached --> Same as the above
*Viewing the history
git log --> Full history
git log --oneline --> Summary
git log --reverse --> Lists the commits from the oldest to the newest
*Unstaging files (undoing git add)
git restore --staged file
*Comparing commits
git diff HEAD~2 HEAD --> Shows the changes between two commits
*Viewing a commit
git show 921a2ff --> Shows the given commit
git show HEAD --> Shows the last commit
git show HEAD~2 --> Two steps before the last commit
Branching & Merging
*Managing branches
git branch dev --> Creates a new branch dev
git checkout dev --> Switches to the dev branch
git checkout -b dev --> Creates and switches to dev branch
git branch -d dev --> deletes the dev branch
*Stashing
git stash --> Creates a new stash
git stash list --> Lists all the stashes
git stash show stash@{1} --> Shows the given stash
git stash apply 1 --> Applies the given stash to the working dir
git stash drop 1 --> Deletes the given stash
git stash clear --> Deletes all the stashes
*Merging
git merge dev --> Merges the dev branch into the current branch
git merge --squash dev --> Performs a squash merge
*Viewing the merged branches
git branch --merged --> Shows the merged branches
git branch --no-merged --> Shows the unmerged branches
*Rebasing
git rebase master --> Changes the base of the current branch
*Cherry picking
git cherry-pick fed53ed --> Applies the given commit on the current branch
Collaboration
*Cloning a repository
git clone url
*Syncing with remote
git fetch origin master --> Fetches master from origin
git fetch origin --> Fetches all objects from origin
git pull --> Fetch + merge
git push origin master --> Pushes master to origin
*Managing remote
git remote --> Shows remote repos
git remote add upstream url --> Adds a new remote called upstream
git remote rm upstream --> Removes upstream
Rewriting History
*Undoing commits
git reset --soft HEAD --> Removes the last commit, keeps changes staged
git reset --mixed HEAD --> Unstages the changes as well
git reset --hard HEAD --> Discards local changes
*Reverting commits
git revert 72856ea --> Reverts the given commit
git revert HEAD~3 --> Reverts the last three commits
*Amending the last commit
git commit --amend
*Interactive rebasing
git rebase -i HEAD~5
\>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Thank you for reading! :-) <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<